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Our solar system formed about 13.7 billion years ago from a rotating cloud of dust and gas. As the cloud's rotation increased, it flattened into a spinning disk. Over time, the center of the disk became our Sun. At the same time, smaller clumps of material began to form, eventually becoming the other planets in our solar system.
The Earth's formation took place approximately 4.54 billion years ago. During its early stages, Earth was extremely hot, leading to volcanic activity. Water and oceans were present on its surface. Gradually, the planet cooled down, but it lacked an atmosphere with oxygen and ozone, making it inhospitable for complex life.
In ancient times, a collision with a large celestial body led to the formation of the Moon. Its gravitational influence caused tides and contributed to Earth's rotation. As Earth's gravitational pull increased, it began to gather gases and form an atmosphere. This process led to the development of oceans and the emergence of weather patterns, including rainfall.
Ozone, a layer of three oxygen atoms (O3) in the upper atmosphere, played a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Without this protective layer, life would have faced severe challenges due to the damaging effects of UV radiation.
Around 800 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangaea existed, where all major landmasses were joined together. Over time, Pangaea broke apart, leading to the formation of new continents.
Roughly 710 to 640 million years ago, the "Snowball Earth" events occurred, causing the oceans to freeze over. Despite these extreme conditions, life continued to evolve, eventually leading to the development of complex organisms.
Around 250 million years ago, a mass extinction event wiped out 95% of life on Earth. This event was possibly caused by massive volcanic eruptions, impact events, or other factors. However, some life forms survived and continued to evolve.
Dinosaurs emerged and became dominant on Earth. Later, around 66 million years ago, a catastrophic event, likely an asteroid impact, led to the extinction of dinosaurs and paved the way for the rise of mammals.
About 66 million years ago, the current era began, characterized by the rise of modern humans approximately 200,000 years ago. Humans developed tools and began practicing agriculture, which led to societal advancement and the development of language.
Through history, we can trace the development of human society from early agricultural practices to more advanced civilizations. Humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to agriculture, leading to societal growth and progress.
